Acute renal failure is the condition of kidney in which excretory function of kidney fails that may lead to accumulation of waste products. As in acute Glomerulonephritis, blood pressure rises suddenly, acute infection of the kidneys can occur, or dehydration can occur due to repeated vomiting, diarrhea, or due to sudden bleeding, or due to marked fall in blood pressure in a case of heart attack. Thus, the signs and symptoms alter according to disease of the patient.

Promptly treatment should be started whenever any of the above signs, symptoms of diseases occur, and then carefully case should watched and daily output of urine must be seen. Whenever any person starts passing less urine then it should be carefully seen if there is any abnormality in the kidney function and therefore, it is recommended that each day the amount of urine should be collected and must be measured.

When excretion of urine reduces day by day, and amount becomes less around 400 ml, kidney failure occurs. If imbalance occurs in serum creatinine or blood urea levels it can damage the kidneys. Therefore, it is essential to check the volume of the daily output of urine.

During the initial stage of the disease, the signs and symptoms are of the primary disease e.g. acute Glomerulonephritis, dehydration, rise in blood pressure, and when the amount of urine output is reduced. If the condition remains undetected, or the patient does not go to his physician to tell about the low output of urine, the life-sustaining time period for saving the kidneys is wasted, and the volume of urine daily goes on decreasing until amount is reduced to 400 ml.

Both the blood urea and serum creatinine levels can be raised. Due to the retention of water, swelling and puffiness of the face and other parts of body may develop. The patient may develop symptoms of nausea and vomiting, sleepiness and fits, and even death may occur.